Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
00580 => 0 0 5 8 0
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
0 to 0 = 0
0 to 5 = 5
5 to 8 = 3
8 to 0 = 8
0 to 0 = 0
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
0 5 3 8 0 = 05380