Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
54496 => 5 4 4 9 6
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
5 to 4 = 1
4 to 4 = 0
4 to 9 = 5
9 to 6 = 3
6 to 5 = 1
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
1 0 5 3 1 = 10531